Euchre Strategy
The definitive guide
to American Euchre
rules, tactics and variants
Euchre Strategy - A Beer and Euchre Brew; Euchre Tradition - The Cow of Euke; Euchre on the Web - Short and sweet; Euchre Science - Health benefits of euchre; Euchre strategy - Defending Against a Bower Upcard; Euchre Strategy - When Jack is an Up-card; We're back, sorta; Wedding Today; Euchre Ordering Strategies; Euchre on the web - The. Euchre - A Dozen Helpful Hints and Tips 12. When you are 'at the Bridge' (score of 9 points), and the opponents have a score of 6 or 7 points, you must order (or pick up) trump in order to guard against a loner by the opponents. However, if you hold the Right or the guarded Left, or the Ace and two other small trump, you may pass. Euchre Tactics Trump Pong Trump pong is a strategy used best after your opponents have no trump left, and you are quite sure you and your partner are the only ones with trump left. Euchre Rules and Instructions Euchre is a fun social trick-taking card game where subtle calculation and a little luck can determine the winner. Euchre is played by four people in two partnerships sitting directly across from each other. The objective of the game is to be the first partnership to score 10 points.
Euchre is popular across a wide area of Canada (from Nova Scotia to the Midwest) and in the USA (especially in the North-East and Midwest), and also in the United States Navy. It is played in parts of Britain (especially Devon, Cornwall, Kent and the Channel Islands), New Zealand, Australia, and maybe other places (please let us know).
The main description below is based on the version of the game played in Cornwall, England. Some variations played there and in other places are described afterwards.
British Euchre
Players and Object
Euchre is a plain-trick game for four players in fixed partnerships, partners sitting opposite.
Just 5 cards are dealt to each player and the object is to win at least three of the five tricks - with an extra bonus for winning all five.
Rank of Cards
A pack of 25 cards is used consisting of A K Q J 10 9 in each of the four suits: hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades, plus a joker. If your pack of cards has no joker, the two of spades can be used as a substitute.
The trump suit has 8 cards ranking from highest to lowest as follows:
Benny, or Best Bower (the joker or two of spades)
Right Bower (the jack of the trump suit)
Left Bower (the other jack of the same colour as the trump suit)
Ace
King
Queen
Ten
Nine
The other suits have 6 or 5 cards ranking as normal: AKQ (J) 109.
Note that Benny and Left count for all purposes as belonging to the trump suit. For example if hearts are trumps, the jack of diamonds is a heart not a diamond. It can be played to a heart lead and if it is led, hearts must be followed.
The word Bower comes from the German Bauer, which means farmer or peasant and is also a word for Jack.
The Deal
The first dealer is selected at random. The turn to deal then rotates clockwise throughout the game. The dealer shuffles and the player to dealer's left may either cut or 'bump' - that is, knock the cards to indicate that they should be dealt as they are, without cutting.
Five cards are dealt to each player in two rounds. The dealer deals clockwise, giving each player a packet of two or three cards in any order - any player who was dealt two in the first round gets three in the second and vice versa.
The dealer then turns the next card in the pack face up. This up-card is used as a basis for selecting the trump suit. The remaining four cards are left face-down and are not used.
Making trump
This process determines the trump suit and which team are the makers - that is the team which undertakes to win three tricks. First each player in turn, beginning with the player to the dealer's left, has the option of accepting up-card's suit as the trump suit or passing. Specifically:
- The player to dealer's left may either pass or say 'I order it up'
- If the first player passes, the dealer's partner may either pass or say 'I turn it down'
- If the first two players pass, the player to dealer's right may either pass or say 'I order it up'
- If all three other players pass, the dealer may either take up the up-card, saying 'I take it up', or pass by saying 'over' and turning the up-card face-down.
If either of the dealer's opponents order it up or if dealer decides to take it up, the suit of the up-card becomes trump; the dealer adds the up-card to her hand and discards a card face-down. Note that (at least in this version of Euchre), the dealer's partner cannot make trumps and play with a partner. The dealer's partner can only make the turned up suit trumps by playing alone. In Britain this is done by saying 'I turn it down', in which case the dealer's cards are placed face-down on the table and dealer's partner plays alone, with the turned suit as trump.
If all four players pass, the up-card is turned face-down, and there is a second round in which players have the option to make any suit trump, other than the suit of the up-card. Again the player to dealer's left speaks first and may either pass again or name a suit. If the first player passes the second may name a suit or pass, and so on. If all four players pass a second time the cards are thrown in and the next player deals.
Note that the trump making process ends as soon as someone accepts or makes trump (rather than passing). That player's side are the makers and the other side are the defenders.
If the Benny is turned up then the dealer's team are automatically the makers - no one else gets an opportunity. The dealer must choose a trump suit without looking at her cards. She then picks up her five cards and the Benny and discards one.
Going Alone
After trump has been made, but before the first lead, any player may announce that they are playing alone. The partner of a lone player puts her cards face-down and takes no part in the play.
Either a member of the makers side or a defender may play alone. It is even possible that a maker and a defender choose to play alone, in which case there will be only two active players.
The Play
If all four players are in the game, the play begins with the player to the dealer's left leading to the first trick. If one player is playing alone, the person to that player's left leads first. If two players are playing alone, the defender leads.
Any card may be led, and each player in clockwise order must follow suit by playing a card of the same suit as the card led if possible. A player who cannot follow suit may play any card.
Remember that, for purposes of following suit, Benny and the Left Bower are considered to belong to the trump suit and not to any other suit.
The trick is won by whoever played the highest card of the suit led, unless a trump was played in which case the highest trump wins. The winner of each trick leads to the next one.
Scoring
If all four players are playing then the scores are as follows:
- If the makers win 3 or 4 tricks they score one point.
- If the makers win all 5 tricks they score two points.
- If the makers take fewer than three tricks they are said to be euchred, and the defenders score two points.
If a member of the makers' team is playing alone and wins all 5 tricks, the team scores 4 points instead of 2 - otherwise the scores are as above.
If a member of the defenders' team is playing alone and succeeds in winning at least 3 tricks, thereby euchring the makers, the defenders score 4 points instead of 2 - otherwise the scores are as above.
The game is normally played to 11 points - that is, the team who first reach 11 or more points over several deals win the game. It is usual for each team to keep score using a spare 5 and 6 from the pack (as these cards are not used in the game). The cards are arranged on the table so that the number of pips showing shows the team's current score. Sometimes people play to 15 points (using a 7 and an 8 to keep score) or to 10 points.
Variant
Some play that a player who has passed in the round in which trumps were made is not allowed to play alone. This prevents a player from 'trapping' an opponent by passing with a good hand and then playing alone against them to score 4 points for a euchre.
Six Player Euchre
In Cornwall, England, this is played between two teams of three, sitting alternately. Either adds the sevens and eights to the pack, making 33 cards (the 8 and 7 are then the lowest cards of each suit, below the 9), or play with a double 25 card pack - 50 cards in all.
When playing with a double pack, if two equally high cards are played to a trick, the second to be played beats the first. If the two Bennies are red and black, the one which is the same colour as the trump suit beats the other one. If they both look the same, then the second one played beats the other, as with other cards.
If a player wants to play alone, both of the player's partners discard their hands face down, but the lone player can ask one of them for a card. The partner asked gives a card of his choice to the lone player, without consultation and without showing it to the others, and the lone player discards a card face-down in return.
The score for winning all the tricks or euchring the makers is 3 points instead of 2. If the winner is playing alone the score is 6 points instead of 4.
North American Euchre
In Canada and the USA, Euchre is played without a joker, so that there are just 24 cards in the deck, and the right bower is the highest trump. The target score is 10 points (not 11). The score is indicated by using two low cards overlapped - some use a six and a four, some use two fives, and some use a two and a three like this:
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In the USA any player, including the dealer's partner, is allowed to order up the up-card and play with a partner. In other places - Australia, England and Canada - if the dealer's partner orders the card up, he/she must play alone; therefore the dealer's cards are laid face-down and the dealer does not play the hand.
Some people do not allow a defender to play alone - only the maker is allowed to play alone. Some only allow a defender to play alone against a lone maker.
In Canada it is not usual for the cards to be cut before dealing, and in many groups the cards are dealt one at a time, rather than in twos and threes..
A common method of choosing the first dealer is to deal the cards around until a black jack appears.
Stick the Dealer (also known as 'Screw the dealer'). In this variation the dealer cannot pass a second time when naming the trump suit. On the second round, if the first three players pass, the dealer must name a suit. This variation is often played when playing time is constrained.
The Super-Euchre A 'Super-Euchre' occurs when the making team takes zero tricks. Some play that the defending team then scores 4 points.
Railroading. This is a variation in which, if your partner is going to play alone, you may pass your partner a card (your best card) face down. Before looking at this card partner must choose whether to discard a card from hand and take the card offered in exchange, or to discard the offered card.
Some people play that if the first three players pass, the dealer is only allowed to take up the turned trump if already holding at least one trump in hand. For this purpose, the left bower is not counted as a trump.
Variations
Buck Euchre (Cut-Throat Euchre)
This game for three or four players, playing as individuals, is described on a separate page.
32 card Euchre
In some places the 8s and 7s are included in the pack as the lowest cards in each suit, making a pack of 32 or 33 cards. This makes it more uncertain whether the high cards are in play. I am told that 32 card Euchre is the usual version in New Zealand. Also there are a few people in the USA who still play this way.
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Six Hand Almonte Euchre
Mike Lunney contributed the following variation, which is played in Almonte, in eastern Ontario, Canada.
Rules are the same as six player Euchre above, but with the following variations:
There are 6 players (3 per team) using a 30 card deck consisting of 8-9-10-Q-K-A-J in each suit, plus three jokers, represented by the 2,3,and 4 of spades (4 is the highest trump, followed by 3, 2, right bower, left bower, A, K, Q, 10, 9).
The dealer distributes 5 cards to each of the 6 players and then turns over the last one (i.e. no hidden cards). If the card turned up is a joker, then dealer calls the trump before looking in his or her hand.
Scoring is the same as for British six player Euchre described above, but play is up to fifteen. Or in euchre leagues, players play twice around the table (i.e. 12 hands) before moving to another table.
There is a version in which, if a joker is turned up, the dealer cannot turn it over at the end of the first round of bidding, but must take it into his or her hand and become the maker, assuming the other 5 players have passed on the called trump.
A four-hand variation is played with 21 cards: the Q-K-A-J of clubs and diamonds, the 10-Q-K-A-J of hearts and spades, plus the 3 jokers; scoring is the same as in six-hand.
Bid Euchre
There are many varieties of this. See the Bid Euchre page.
Terminology and Sayings
From England
- have an eye
- have a score of at least one
- whitewashed
- beaten without score (i.e. 11-0)
- dockyard play or playing policeman
- opponents of dealer who do not order up with good cards, in the hope of euchring the dealer's team
From North America
Bill Le May contributed the following sayings:
- Don't send a boy to the mill
- said when you trump a suit trick with something like a 9 or 10 and the other opponent takes it with something higher.
- Crossing the creek
- when the top card is turned down and someone makes trump of the opposite color.
- Dutchman's Point
- is the point you win when you're holding both bowers and the ace of trump. (In the USA, where the joker is not used, these are the highest three trumps).
- Bushing or Waiting in the bushes
- is passing when you hold enough cards to make trump, hoping instead to euchre the opponent who picks up.
- Having a dog from every county
- means your five cards comprise all four suits, usually low cards.
Some sayings from Indiana, USA, contributed by Chris Carter and Chris Patterson:
- to be set
- to be euchred
- Sweep or March
- winning all the tricks
- In the barn
- one point away from victory (usu. 9 points)
- To get cut
- to lead an ace that gets trumped by the first opponent
- Loner
- a hand suitable for playing alone
- Lay-down loner
- a loner consisting of unbeatable cards (for example, if you have the first lead: right, left, trump ace, another trump, any off ace). [Of course this is not laydown if the lone player does not have the first lead. In some places, a variation is played in which if you play a loner you never get the lead. If the player to your right leads first you would need five trumps including the top three for a lay-down loner. If the player to the left of the loner leads, then five trumps including two bowers is enough.]
- Walk
- a low card is led and takes the trick (usually expressed in amazement or disgust: 'The ^#$@&^*(@! queen walked!'
- Next
- After the up-card is turned down, the player to the dealer's left may call 'next' to indicate that the same-color suit as the turned-down card is to be named the trump suit.
Historical Note
Euchre was probably derived from the game Jucker which was formerly played in Alsace. Euchre reached the USA in the early nineteenth century and was the original game for which the Joker was introduced into the playing-card pack in the 1850s (to serve as the highest trump). It has already been mentioned that Euchre is popular in the US Navy, and it may be through this maritime connection that it travelled in the later nineteenth century from America to other English speaking parts of the world. Certainly in Britain it is mainly found in regions where there has been a strong Naval influence.
Other Euchre Web Sites
- Archive copy of Matt Schemmel and Erin O'Neil's Semi-Official Euchre Home Page with rules, advice and printable tournament scorecards.
- Harvey Lapp's Euchrelinks.com site has rules of the American game, tips for improving you play, advice on protecting yourself from players who cheat, and a shop for Euchre equipment.
- John Hay's Euchre page
- Alan Gilfoy's Euchre page
- Rules of Euchre are available on the Card Game Heaven site.
- Ralph Sprovier's Euchre Info website has a collection of recommended documents and links on Euchre strategy and terminology.
- The Euchre page of the White Knuckle Playing Cards site, which describes the Australian game with 32 cards.
- Archive copy of Dave Barker's former Euchre page
- Brad Wilson's Card Games pages include several Euchre and Bid Euchre variants.
- Achive copies of Bram Kivenko's pages on Euchre probabilities, strategies and a glossary.
- On the island of Guernsey, in the English Channel, Euchre (played with 33 cards including a joker) is the national game. This archive copy of the Guernsey United Euchre League site has details of league rules, matches and results.
- Perry's Euchre Universe Blog discusses Euchre strategy and other Euchre-related topics.
- The EuchreFun blog features printable rotations and score sheets for tournaments, information on Euchre events in the in the Metro Detroit Area (USA) and other Euchre related posts.
- Natty Bumppo has invented a Euchre Solitaire game.
- Joe Chellman has published a page on Euchre for Two Players.
Euchre tournaments, books and equipment
Natty Bumppo's Columbus Book of Euchre gives not only rules but also plenty of discussion of tactics, local traditions and sayings from Columbus, Indiana, USA. On the web site you can see extracts from the book, and an appendix containing additional material. There are also Reviews of other books on Euchre. You can order The Columbus Book of Euchre from amazon.com.
The book The Complete Win at Euchre by Joe Andrews is available from amazon.com.
Ohio Euchre provides a collection of Euchre resources, including information about Euchre tournaments in Ohio, USA.
At the Euchre Pad site you can print score cards for Euchre tournaments of various sizes played either as teams (keep partner and play each game against a different team) or progressive (change partner for each game). The service is free but donations are welcome.
The CardsTourney website by Duke Euker provides a tournament scheduling service: you enter the names of up to 40 players a printable score card for each player showing partner and opponenmts for each round.
Josh Falter's Euchre Tournament is a free, open source program that can be used to help organise a Euchre tournament. It keeps score, calculates player ranking and can be used to print scorecards for each player that tell who their partner is, what table they play at, and who their opponents are each round. It currently supports tournaments of 4, 8, 12 or 16 players.
The Semi-Official Euchre Tournament Page (archive copy) had seating arrangements and scorecards for Euchre tournaments for various numbers of players.
Euchre-Playing Software and Online Servers
Euchre Baron from Great Game Products is available for Windows or iPhone, with strong computer players and configurable American / Canadian rules.
A shareware Windows program for playing both two-handed Euchre and Écarté against your computer or an online opponent can be downloaded from MeggieSoft Games. A free trial version is available.
With Malcolm Bain's shareware program Simply Euchre for Windows, you can play against computer opponents. A free trial version is available.
The collection HOYLE Card Games for Windows or Mac OS X includes a Euchre program.
EuchreHub is a free online Euchre game against computer opponents, offering a wide choice of alternative rule sets.
Here is Terry Burlison's page about his Ultimate Euchre program.
Hardwood Euchre from Silver Creek Entertainment is available on iOS (iphone, ipod, ipad) Android, Kindle, Windows and Mac.
Here is Todd Jeffreys' free Euchre for Windows.
Special K Software has developed software to play the card game of Euchre. This software is available at www.specialksoftware.com.
Euchre Strategy For Beginners
Games4All has published a free Euchre app for the Android platform.
Mike's Cards includes a Euchre program for Macintosh and Windows computers.
Some more sites where you can play Euchre on-line against live opponents:
- Mystic Island organises tournaments, leagues and ladders
- Robert Schultz's World of Card Games offers an online Euchre game.
- Gaming Safari
- PlayOK (formerly known as Kurnik)
- Pogo
- AOL games (formerly games.com / Masque publishing)
- Nidink
- Trickster Cards
- Mana Battery publishes online games for the Microsoft Xbox 360, Windows Phone, IOS and Android.
- Tams11 lobby
- Case's Ladder organises online leagues and operates a tournament ranking system.
Number of players: Four in pairs. Partners sit facing each other. There are also two- and three-handed versions.
Object: To score points by winning at least three of five tricks.
The cards: A 32-card deck, 7s through aces for each suit, is used. Special Euchre decks are available, a Bezique deck can be used, or you may simply set aside the 2s through 6s of all suits in a standard deck. Cards rank as follows: A (high)-K-Q-J-10-9-8-7, except in the trump suit. For trump, the jack (called the right bower) is high, and the jack of the same color (the left bower) is the second-highest trump. Euchre is also played with 24 cards (7s and 8s omitted), 28 cards (7s omitted), or with one joker added.
Declaring side wins five tricks (a march), 2 points If lone hand wins three or four tricks, 1 point If lone hand wins five tricks, 4 points Declaring side euchred (wins fewer than three tricks), opponents score, 2 points Game is played to a predetermined number of points, usually 5, 7, or 10. |
Setting trump: Action starts with the player to the dealer's left (called the eldest player). Each player, in turn, may accept or pass the suit of the upcard as trump. If the eldest accepts the upcard as trump, saying, 'I order it up,' the dealer must then accept the upcard as a part of his or her hand and discard one card facedown, placing it into the stock. The dealer keeps the upcard on top of the stock until it is played. If the eldest does not want the upcard to be trump and passes, the dealer's partner can say, 'I assist,' in which case the suit of the upcard becomes trump, and the dealer again must discard. If partner passes, the other opponent can 'order it up.' If that player also passes, however, the dealer can either say, 'I take it up' or 'I turn it down.'
If all players pass, the dealer turns the upcard facedown and puts it under the stock, and the players go through a second round with slightly different rules. The round begins from the dealer's left with no upcard. Instead, each player, in turn, has the choice of naming a suit as trump or passing. The suit rejected in the first round may not be nominated a second time. If no trump is selected during the second round, the cards are shuffled for a new deal.
When you accept or name trump, you may also decide to play alone. At which time, you must declare 'alone,' and your partner's hand is taken out of play. You must then play against both opponents. In this case, the risk is far greater than the reward. Unless you score 'march' (winning five tricks), you get only one bonus point for success, but you lose two points for failing. Some also allow for one defender to decide to play alone against lone declarer, in which case if the declarer is euchred, the defenders score 4 points.
2006 Publications International, Ltd. If you are the dealer, you will want to accept clubs as trump because you will have the two highest trumps and probably a A winner. You will certainly not want to play alone with two almost certain losers. If you are not the dealer, you will not want clubs to be trump. Quite likely the J will take your J, and your ace could be trumped. |
Tips:
Euchre Strategy What To Lead
The trump suit has nine cards, but there are only seven cards in the other suit of the same color. The two remaining suits have eight cards each. Since each deal leaves out about a third of the deck, on average only five or six cards of each suit are in play. If you have three cards in the trump suit and your partner can take a trick, you are likely to win the majority of tricks.When you have three practically certain winning cards in your hand and chances of winning the other cards, it may be wise to play alone. Your nontrump cards, even if not clear winners, may take tricks anyway: Your opponents have only ten cards between them and may fail to hold on to the right cards.
Don't forget that if the upcard is accepted as trumps, it becomes part of the dealer's hand. This may influence your decision to accept that suit as trumps for your side.
The game score may also influence your decision to pass, accept, or play alone. If you have a large lead, it may be a good risk to venture a questionable acceptance of the trump suit if you fear an opponent may score a march (4 points) in a different suit. Even if you're euchred, opponent scores only 2 points.
Variation: Two-Handed Euchre is generally played with a 24-card deck, omitting 7s and 8s as well. Score for a march is 2 points.
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Euchre Strategy
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